{"id":35,"date":"2013-07-07T17:24:21","date_gmt":"2013-07-07T11:54:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/?p=35"},"modified":"2017-05-03T09:24:48","modified_gmt":"2017-05-03T03:54:48","slug":"credit-scorecards-classification-problem-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/credit-scorecards-classification-problem-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Credit Scorecards – Classification Problem (part 2 of 7)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Classification Problem in Statistics & Data Mining<\/span><\/h2>\n

I must say I was shocked when Amishi, a girl little over three years old, announced that going forward she is only friends with my wife and not me. Her reason for the breakup was that I am a boy and girls can only be friends with girls. She has learned this social norm from her friends at the preschool. I still remember the way she modeled for me in her swimsuit and umbrella just a few months ago. She was aware of the boy-girl difference even then, it is just she has learned this weird social norm now. The point over here is that toddlers can distinguish genders without much effort. Nature has given us a built-in equation to classify gender through a mere glance with a high degree of precision. Imagine a similar mechanism to distinguish between good and bad borrowers. You are talking about every banker\u2019s dream. However, evolution has trained us to mate not to lend.<\/p>\n

\"Predictive<\/a>

Predictive Analytics: Classification Problem – by Roopam<\/p><\/div>\n

As I have mentioned in the previous article, scorecards have their roots in the classification problem in statistics and data mining. The idea with most classification problems is to create a mathematical equation to distinguish dichotomous variables. These variables can only take two values such as<\/p>\n

\u2022 Male\/ Female
\n\u2022 Good \/ Bad
\n\u2022 Yes \/ No
\n\u2022 God \/ Devil
\n\u2022 Happy \/ Sad
\n\u2022 Sales \/ No Sales<\/p>\n

The list can go on until eternity. The reason why most business problems try to model dichotomies is that it is easy to comprehend for us humans. We must appreciate that dichotomies are \u00a0never absolute and have degrees attached to them. For example, I am 80% good and 20% bad \u2013 at least I would like to believe this. I shall keep Pareto\u2019s 80-20 principle away from this i.e. my 20% bad is responsible for my 80% of behavior.<\/p>\n

Credit Scorecards Development <\/span>–\u00a0Problem Statement & Sampling<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

In the case of credit scorecards, the problem statement is to distinguish analytically between the good and bad borrowers. Hence, the first task is to define a good and a bad borrower. For most loan products, good and bad credit is defined in the following way<\/p>\n

1. Good loan: never or once missed on the EMI payment
\n2. Bad loan: ever missed 3 consecutive EMIs in a row (i.e. 90 days-past-due)<\/p>\n

Additionally, for tagging someone good or bad, you need to observe his or her behavior for a significant length of time. This length of time varies from product to product based on the tenor of the loan. For home loans, with a tenor of 20 years, 2-3 years is a reasonable observation period.
\nHowever, there is nothing sacrosanct about the above definition and can be modified at the discretion of the analyst. Roll-rate analysis and vintage analysis are the two analytical tools you may want to consider while constructing the above definition.<\/p>\n

Sampling Strategy for Credit Scorecards<\/span><\/h4>\n

A few years ago, I did a daylong workshop on Statistical Inference for a large German shipping & cargo company in Mumbai. At the time of Q&A session the Vice President of operations asked a tricky question, what is a good sample size to achieve good precision? He was looking for a one-size-fits-all answer and I wish it were that simple. The sample size depends on the degree of similarity or homogeneity of the population in question. For example, what do you think is a good sample size to answer the following two questions?<\/p>\n

1. What is the salinity of the Pacific Ocean?
\n2. Is there another planet with intelligent life in the Universe?<\/p>\n

In terms of population size, a number of drops in the ocean and planets in the Universe is similar. A couple of drops of water are enough to answer the first question since the salinity of oceans is fairly constant. On the other hand, the second question is a black swan problem. You may need to visit every single planet to rule our possibility of an intelligent form of life.<\/p>\n

For credit scorecard development, the accepted rule of thumb for sample size is at least 1000 records of both good and bad loans. There is no reason why you cannot build a scorecard with a smaller sample size (say 500 records). However, the analyst needs to be cautious in doing so because a higher degree of randomness creeps in a small data sample. Additionally, it is also advisable to keep the sample window as short as possible i.e. a financial quarter or two while scorecard development. Further, the sample is divided into two pieces – usually, 70 % for development and remaining for validation sample. We discuss the development and validation sample in detail in the subsequent sections of this series.<\/p>\n

\"2<\/a>

Credit Scorecard Development: Sampling Strategy – by Roopam<\/p><\/div>\n

Sign-off Note<\/span><\/h4>\n

In the next article, we will discuss an important topic of variables classing and coarse classing for credit scorecards. See you soon<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Classification Problem in Statistics & Data Mining I must say I was shocked when Amishi, a girl little over three years old, announced that going forward she is only friends with my wife and not me. Her reason for the breakup was that I am a boy and girls can only be friends with girls.<\/p>\n

Read More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[55,54],"tags":[8,7,69,6,10],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"\nCredit Scorecards : Classification Problem - YOU CANalytics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/credit-scorecards-classification-problem-part-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Credit Scorecards : Classification Problem - YOU CANalytics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Classification Problem in Statistics & Data Mining I must say I was shocked when Amishi, a girl little over three years old, announced that going forward she is only friends with my wife and not me. 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It is hard to pin down one particular application but one of the earliest and highly successful applications is certainly credit risk models and retail credit\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Events & Interviews"","block_context":{"text":"Events & Interviews","link":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/category\/events-and-interviews\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Naeem-Siddiqi.jpg?fit=604%2C508&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Naeem-Siddiqi.jpg?fit=604%2C508&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Naeem-Siddiqi.jpg?fit=604%2C508&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3973,"url":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/model-selection-retail-case-study-example-part-7\/","url_meta":{"origin":35,"position":5},"title":"Model Selection – Retail Case Study Example (Part 7)","author":"Roopam Upadhyay","date":false,"format":false,"excerpt":"Model Selection This is a continuation of our retail case study example for campaign and marketing analytics. In the previous two parts, we discussed a couple of decision tree algorithms (CART and C4.5)\u00a0for classification. Recall a previous case study example on\u00a0banking and risk management where we discussed logistic regression\u00a0which is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Marketing Analytics"","block_context":{"text":"Marketing Analytics","link":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/category\/marketing-analytics\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/photo.jpg?fit=1200%2C1029&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/photo.jpg?fit=1200%2C1029&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/photo.jpg?fit=1200%2C1029&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/photo.jpg?fit=1200%2C1029&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/photo.jpg?fit=1200%2C1029&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucanalytics.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}